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Fort d'Ivry
Fort d'Ivry was built in the Paris suburb of Ivry-sur-Seine between 1841 and 1845 as one of the forts in a ring of strong points surrounding Paris. The fort is about 1 kilometre outside the Thiers Wall, built by the same program in response to a perception that Paris was vulnerable to invasion and occupation. The fort was upgraded in the 1870s to cope with improvements in artillery performance as part of the Séré de Rivières system. In 1946 the fort was vacated by the garrison. It is now the home of the Communication and Audiovisual Production Company for the Department of Defense (''Établissement de communication et de production audiovisuelle de la Défense'', E.C.P.A.D.).
==Description==
Fort d'Ivry dominates a crossroads just to the north of the fort, one of the major approaches to Paris leading to the Porte d'Ivry in the Thiers wall. The pentagonal fort has bastions at each of its five points. The original construction is in stone, with rough stone for the majority of exterior surfaces and dressed stone for accents, gates and window surrounds. A ditch, which still exists on three sides, lies outside the walls. One side of the fort's wall is pierced with 18 casemates, while the others have a parapet shielding a covered walkway. Casemates are also cut into the flanks of the bastions to provide covering fire along the length of the main walls. Three wells provide water. A central parade ground is flanked by a barracks and two officers' residences. The main gate is complemented by three postern gates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fort at Ivry-sur-Seine (94) )〕
The fort includes more than two kilometers of underground passages added between 1852 and 1860, with ceilings six meters thick. The fort was upgraded after the Franco-Prussian War as part of the Séré de Rivières program. A police barracks now occupies the former ditch on the west side, while a variety of buildings occupy the former glacis. The former casemates, barracks and magazine have been redeveloped as offices.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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